![]() ![]() Recently, copper hydroxychloride was studied as a promising anode material for LIBs 30, this material being able to reversibly store and release Li ions via a conversion reaction that is widely observed in CuO and CuS electrodes. To this end, metal oxides, sulfides, nitrides, fluorides and oxysulfides have all been extensively explored as potential anode materials for lithium ion batteries 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 their attraction being their ability to store excess lithium ions by a conversion reaction that results in a significantly larger reversible capacity than graphite. A great deal of attention has therefore been focused on the anode materials used, as there is significant potential in this area for greatly improving battery performance 2, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 the use of a more suitable anode material being by far the most effective means of achieving a high performance. In order to ensure the successful use of Li-ion batteries in a wider variety of applications, for example electric cars, it is imperative to overcome at least some of the challenges related to obtaining a higher energy density, longer cycle life, improved high rate capability and greater safety 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. However, graphitic anodes inherently exhibit a relatively low capacity value (theoretical value equal to 372 mA h g −1) and are thus inadequate for high power applications 4, 5, 6, 7. ![]() At present, graphitic materials are widely used as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries, mostly due to their low price and high reversibility. The high energy density of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) makes them suitable for various applications, ranging in size from portable electronic devices to zero-emission vehicles, but existing LIB technology is rapidly reaching its limits in terms of energy density (per volume) and specific energy (per weight) 1, 2, 3. The Co 2(OH) 3Cl powders have a high discharge capacity of 609 mA h g −1 even after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 5000 mA g −1. The discharge capacities of the Co 2(OH) 3Cl and CoO powders after 100 cycles are 955 and 632 mA h g −1, respectively. The initial discharge capacities of the Co 2(OH) 3Cl and CoO powders at a constant current density of 1000 mA g −1 are found to be 15 mA h g −1, respectively and their initial Coulombic efficiencies are 72 and 70%. The Co 2(OH) 3Cl powder prepared directly by spray pyrolysis exhibits a high thermal stability at temperatures below 220☌, as well as having superior electrochemical properties compared with those of the CoCl 2(H 2O) 2 and CoO powders prepared by the same process. Dot-mapping images of the resulting powders reveal a uniform distribution of Co, O and Cl throughout the powder. The use of cobalt hydroxychloride as an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is investigated using spherical shape and ultrafine nanocrystals directly formed by spray pyrolysis from spray solution of cobalt chloride salt.
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